SNAKE BITES AND YOUR PETS

Understanding Australian Snake Bites in Pets

Snake bites are a significant concern for pet owners in Australia, where many species of venomous snakes are present. These snakes can pose a serious risk to pets, particularly dogs, cats, and small animals like guinea pigs, due to the potentially lethal effects of their venom. Knowing how to identify, treat, and prevent snake bites can help ensure the safety and well-being of your pets in snake-prone areas.

Types of Australian Snakes That Pose a Threat to Pets

Australia is home to several venomous snake species that can pose significant risks to pets. While not all snakes are dangerous, the following are among the most common venomous snakes that can seriously harm pets:

• Eastern Brown Snake: One of the most dangerous and commonly encountered venomous snakes in Australia, the Eastern Brown Snake is known for its aggressive nature and highly potent venom. It is responsible for a large number of snake bite incidents in both humans and animals.

  
  

• Red-bellied Black Snake: Found in eastern and southern Australia, the Red-bellied Black Snake is often encountered near water sources. While it is generally less aggressive than the Eastern Brown Snake, its venom can cause severe envenomation, affecting the nervous system and blood clotting.

• Tiger Snake: This snake is found across southern Australia and Tasmania, particularly in coastal areas. The Tiger Snake’s venom is potent and can cause paralysis, respiratory issues, and coagulopathy (disruption in blood clotting). It is often found in wetlands or near water sources.

  
  

• Death Adder: Known for its lethargic nature, the Death Adder is a venomous snake found in various parts of Australia. Despite its slow-moving appearance, it is capable of delivering a lethal bite, especially if provoked. Its venom can cause paralysis and affect the nervous system.

  
  

• Carpet Python: While not venomous, Carpet Pythons are constrictor snakes found in eastern and northern Australia. They can pose a risk to small pets like guinea pigs, birds, or small dogs, as they may attempt to constrict and consume them. Though not typically dangerous to larger animals, they can cause injury through their bites or constriction.

While non-venomous snakes, like the Carpet Python, are generally less dangerous in terms of venom, they still pose risks in terms of physical injury or stress to pets. Venomous snakes can have devastating consequences, especially if medical intervention is delayed. Recognizing the presence of these snakes in your area and taking precautions can help reduce the risk of a snake bite or attack to your pet.

Symptoms of Snake Bites in Pets

Symptoms of a snake bite in pets depend on the type of snake, the amount of venom injected, and the location of the bite. Common signs of a snake bite in Australian pets include:

• Immediate pain and distress: Pets may vocalize in pain or show signs of acute discomfort following the bite.

• Vomiting, drooling, or foaming at the mouth: These symptoms can occur as a result of the venom affecting the digestive system and nervous system.

  
  

• Swelling and bruising: This typically appears around the bite site within hours.

  
  

• Bleeding: Some venomous bites may cause bleeding at the bite site or internally.

  
  

• Weakness or collapse: Pets may exhibit signs of extreme fatigue, stumbling, or may collapse altogether. In some cases, the pet may collapse and then seem to recover. This apparent recovery can be a critical warning sign that the bite was lethal, as the venom may cause a temporary improvement before rapid deterioration occurs.

  
  

• Labored or irregular breathing: Severe bites may affect the respiratory muscles, making breathing difficult.

  Dilated pupils or paralysis: In severe cases, the venom may affect the nervous system, leading to paralysis or unresponsiveness.

  
  

• Diarrhea and incontinence: The venom can affect the digestive and nervous systems, leading to uncontrolled bowel movements or diarrhea.

First Aid for Snake Bites

If your pet is bitten by a snake in Australia, it’s essential to stay calm and act quickly. Here are the first aid steps you should follow:

• Keep the pet as calm and still as possible: Minimize movement to slow the spread of venom through the bloodstream.

  
  

• Contact a professional snake catcher: If possible, contact a professional snake catcher to safely identify the snake. Knowing the type of snake can help the veterinarian decide on the most appropriate treatment, particularly if antivenom is required.

  
  

• Transport the pet immediately: Get the pet to a veterinary clinic as quickly as possible, as timely medical intervention is critical for survival.

  
  

• Do not try to suck out the venom or apply a tourniquet: Trying to suck out the venom or applying a tourniquet can worsen the situation and should be avoided. These methods are ineffective and could potentially cause more harm to the animal.

  
  

Veterinary Treatment for Snake Bites

Once your pet has been assessed by a veterinarian, treatment will vary depending on the severity of the bite and the type of snake. Treatment may include:

• Antivenom: If the snake is venomous, the veterinarian will likely administer antivenom specific to the type of snake, if available.

  
  

• Pain management: Pain relief medications may be provided to alleviate discomfort caused by the bite.

  
  

• Intravenous fluids: To support hydration and blood pressure, pets may need IV fluids.

  
  

• Wound care: If the bite has caused visible damage to tissues or open wounds, these may need to be cleaned, stitched, or drained.

  
  

• Close monitoring: For more severe cases, your pet may need to stay in the veterinary hospital for monitoring to ensure they don’t go into shock or experience other complications.

Long-Term Care and Recovery

The recovery time after a snake bite will depend on the type of snake, the location of the bite, the amount of venom injected, and how quickly treatment was administered. Pets that receive prompt medical attention often recover fully, though some may require ongoing care, especially if there has been significant tissue damage or neurological impact.

Prognosis: With immediate care, the prognosis is generally good, but some pets may experience lasting effects, especially in cases of severe envenomation. Follow-up care, including wound management and monitoring for signs of complications, may be necessary.

Preventing Snake Bites in Pets

While it’s impossible to completely eliminate the risk of snake bites, there are several steps you can take to reduce the likelihood of your pet encountering a venomous snake:

• Avoid high-risk areas: Keep pets away from areas where snakes are commonly found, such as long grass, bushland, and rocky areas.

  
  

• Keep yards well-maintained: Regularly mow lawns and trim shrubs to reduce the likelihood of snakes hiding nearby.

  
  

• Supervise outdoor time: Always supervise pets when they are outside, especially in areas known to have snakes.

  
  

Snake bites are a serious and potentially life-threatening condition for pets in Australia, particularly due to the presence of venomous species like the Eastern Brown Snake, Tiger Snake, and others. While non-venomous snakes like the Carpet Python are less of a direct threat in terms of venom, they can still cause injury or stress to pets. Prompt veterinary treatment can improve your pet’s chances of survival in the case of a venomous bite. Knowing how to recognize the symptoms of a snake bite, how to respond with first aid, and how to prevent snake encounters will help keep your pets safe in snake-prone areas. Regular vet checkups and being vigilant in snake-prone environments are essential steps in safeguarding your pet’s health.